Reduction in Salivary Cortisol Following Physical Exercise and Relaxation among Adolescents and Young Adults on the Autism Spectrum

Background: High levels of stress and anxiety are frequently seen among those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Past research has demonstrated that physical exercise, relaxation, and physical health are all positively associated with well-being. However, little research has focused specifically on the young adult autism population, and there has been minimal utilization of objective measures of stress.

Objectives: We implemented an 8-week physical exercise and relaxation intervention for adolescents and young adults on the autism spectrum which aimed to reduce levels of stress and anxiety.

Methods: Levels of salivary cortisol (a stress hormone) were compared before and after half of the sessions. A self-report measure of anxiety was also implemented. In addition, reports of stress were assessed pre and post the 8-week program.

Results: Cortisol levels showed a significant reduction at the end of the sessions compared to levels at the beginning. These findings were supported by the self-report measure of anxiety. Measures completed pre and post the 8-week program also showed a reduction in self-reported stress following participation in the program.

Conclusions: Our findings highlight the effectiveness of exercise and relaxation for improving symptoms of anxiety and stress among those with ASD. Greater emphasis is needed on assessing the utility of similar non-pharmacological interventions.