Objectives: The aim of these studies is to report on the psychosocial outcomes for adults diagnosed with autism in childhood. They also aim to identify aspects of change and constancy in symptom patterns and indicate specific predictors for improved or worse outcomes.
Methods: The studies included a large sample of individuals (N>100) with average or above average intelligence as well as those with intellectual disability (profound, severe or mild). Longitudinal follow up was carried out 13-22 years after receiving a diagnosis in childhood. The DISCO was administered by trained clinicians at follow up.
Results: Psychosocial outcomes were generally poor with two-thirds not being independent. In adult life, social interaction symptoms were manifested pervasively in the study groups whereas other common autism symptoms in childhood (i.e. maladaptive and stereotyped behaviour) were much more patchily represented in adult age. However, odd responses to sensory stimuli were almost universally present. Relatively higher IQ and relatively early communicative speech before 5 years, predicted better outcomes
Conclusions: This research is now able to inform practice and related research as new services for adults are being set up in different parts of the world. Research in Calgary, Canada, has led to the DISCO being used to assess the functional needs of adolescents with autism spectrum disorders. These assessments are contributing to transition and program planning and support plans for adolescents and adults within a lifepan consultation clinic.
See more of: Clinical Phenotype
See more of: Symptoms, Diagnosis & Phenotype