16973
Maternal Immune Activation Leads to Activated Inflammatory Macrophages in Offspring
Objectives: Similar to changes in T cell function, we hypothesized that following MIA, offspring will have long-term changes in macrophage function.
Methods: To test this theory, we utilized the polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] MIA mouse model in C57BL/6J mice and examined macrophage cytokine production in adult offspring. Pregnant dams were given either a single injection of 20 mg/kg poly(I:C), or saline delivered intraperitoneally on gestational day 12.5. When offspring of poly (I:C) treated dams reached 10 weeks of age, femurs were collected and bone marrow-derived macrophages were generated. Cytokine production was measured in bone marrow-derived macrophages incubated for 24 hours in either growth media alone, LPS, IL-4/ LPS, or IFN-γ/ LPS.
Results: Following stimulation with LPS alone, or the combination of IFN-γ/LPS, macrophages from offspring of poly (I:C) treated dams produced higher levels of IL-12(p40) (p < 0.04) suggesting an increased M1 polarization. In addition, even without the presence of a polarizing cytokine or LPS stimulus, macrophages from offspring of poly (I:C) treated dams exhibited a higher production of CCL3 (p = 0.05). Moreover, CCL3 levels were further increased when stimulated with LPS, or polarized with either IL-4/LPS or IFN-γ/LPS (p < 0.05) suggesting a general increase in production of this chemokine.
Conclusions: Collectively, these data suggest that MIA can produce lasting changes in macrophage function that are sustained into adulthood.